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Until recent times the surface treatment of a paper or board was exclusively handled by on-machine hard nip calenders of either single or multi-nip configuration. For higher qualities the paper was then passed through a supercalender. If the output from the making machine was totally devoted to supercalendered (SC) grades then more than one supercalender would be required. This was because the operational efficiency of the supercalender is somewhat lower than the making machine or coater. This reduced efficiency was largely attributable to time lost changing reels, re-threading the paper/board through the calender after each reel change, and replacing the resilient rolls (bowls) after they became marked during operation. |
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